Guide · 4 tools

Retirement planning

What to save, what a contribution really costs after tax relief, pre-tax vs after-tax accounts, the cost of dipping in early, and how long a pot lasts once you draw on it.

Retirement planning is two questions: how much goes in, and how long it lasts coming out. These calculators cover both ends, with the tax relief, contribution limits and access rules for 401(k)s, UK pensions, RRSPs and superannuation.

Defaults use current-year limits from an editable table; check them against your provider’s statement.

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Building the pot

Contributions, employer match and the account type to use.

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Drawing on it

How long it lasts, and the price of taking it early.

Common questions

Retirement planning: the questions people ask

How much do I need to retire?
A common rule is 25 times the annual income you want from the pot (a 4% withdrawal rate), less any state pension or Social Security. The drawdown calculator tests that against growth, inflation and your horizon.
Roth or Traditional, pension or ISA?
If you expect a lower tax rate in retirement than today, deferring tax (Traditional, pension, RRSP) usually wins; if a higher one, pay tax now (Roth, ISA, TFSA). With equal rates the results are identical, so a mix hedges the uncertainty.
What does it cost to withdraw from a pension early?
In the US, a 10% penalty plus income tax before 59½; in the UK a 55% charge before 55; Canada taxes RRSP withdrawals in full and removes the room; Australian super is locked until 60. The early withdrawal calculator adds the growth you give up.