In spite of Beijing’s efforts to become self-sufficient in the semiconductor industry and Washington’s attempts to limit chip supplies to the nation, China continues to be a vital market for the majority of American chipmakers.
TakeAway Points:
- China continues to be a vital market for the majority of American chipmakers, despite Washington Data from S&P Global revealed that American titans in the chip industry, including Marvell Technology, Broadcom, Qualcomm, and Intel, make more money in China than in the United States.
- Despite growing barriers to advanced chip sales to China, American chipmakers have made it clear they are dedicated to catering to this enormous market.
- Beijing’s drive for semiconductor industry self-sufficiency coincides with measures to limit chip sales within the nation.
China Remains the American’s Chipmakers Market
Data from S&P Global showed that U.S. chip giants Intel, Broadcom, Qualcomm and Marvell Technology all generate more revenue from China compared with the U.S.
The U.S. has passed a series of export controls starting in October 2022 aimed at restricting China’s access to advanced chip technology, particularly those used in AI applications.
“China remains an important market for U.S. chipmakers, and the U.S. restrictions on selling advanced AI chips to China have been designed specifically to allow most U.S. firms to continue selling most types of chips to Chinese customers,” Chris Miller, author of “Chip War,” told CNBC.
Used in a wide range of products, from smartphones to electric vehicles, semiconductors have become a top priority for governments globally.
According to data from tech consultancy Omdia, China consumes nearly 50% of the world’s semiconductors, as it is the biggest market for assembling consumer devices.
U.S. chipmakers, which enjoy technological leadership over Chinese competitors, have been able to tap this demand as the U.S. export curbs are focused on some very specific products.
“There are still plenty of ‘high end’ chips with all types of allowable use cases that are good to go where U.S. based chip companies have the dominant, leading edge,” said William B. Bailey, lead technology, media, and telecommunications analyst at Nasdaq IR Intelligence.
Handling export restrictions
U.S. chipmakers, even those with a majority of business in the U.S., such as Micron Technology, AMD, and Nvidia, have strived to serve their Chinese clients even in the face of export controls.
When the first wave of U.S. restrictions came into effect late in 2022, Nvidia and Intel designed modified versions of AI chip products for the Chinese market.
A year later, the U.S. updated the export rules to tackle these perceived loopholes. But, soon after, it was reported that Nvidia was working on a new chip made for China.
According to reports, Intel has been selling laptop processor chips worth hundreds of millions of dollars to Huawei, a Chinese telecom company that is sanctioned by the United States, because of an export licence that the Donald Trump administration granted.
The company did not respond to a request for comment on their plans for the China market.
AMD has also designed an AI chip for China but will need to apply for an export license after failing to get it past U.S. regulators last month.
Executives of Intel, Qualcomm, and Nvidia had reportedly been part of a group that planned to lobby Washington against tighter chip restrictions in July last year.
The companies are also members of the Semiconductor Industry Association, a major U.S. semiconductor trade organization, which released a statement around the same time requesting an easing of tensions and a halt on further sanctions due to the importance of the Chinese market for domestic chip companies.
In response to the United States’ firm policy stance, China has likewise reacted accordingly. After failing an assessment by China’s Cyberspace Administration, Micron chips, manufactured in the United States, were removed from the country’s key information infrastructure in May of last year.
Micron is constructing a new assembly and test manufacturing facility at an existing site in Xi’an, China, as the country “remains an important market for Micron and the semiconductor industry,” a company spokesperson told CNBC. Production is estimated to start in the second half of 2025, they said.
Concerns About Market Share
China has been striving for self-reliance by building its domestic semiconductor industry in response to countries such as the U.S. and the Netherlands limiting its access to advanced technology.
Beijing has doled out billions of yuan in subsidies to its chip firms in a bid to boost domestic manufacturing.
According to TechInsights’ investigation, the Huawei Mate 60 Pro smartphone has a cutting-edge chip manufactured by SMIC, the leading chip maker in China. The smartphone reportedly has 5G connection as well; however, Huawei was prohibited from using this technology by US sanctions.
The Chinese government is “increasingly focused” on getting its firms to buy locally made chips, Miller said. “Unless foreign companies have a substantial technological advantage over domestic Chinese competitors, they will lose market share in China.”
However, Phelix Lee, equity analyst at Morningstar, said it does not expect “an overhaul of the supply chain,” even as Chinese firms could be innovating legacy chips found in everything from household appliances to medical equipment.
Legacy chips are typically mature or lower-end semiconductors. U.S. Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo said about 60% of these chips are manufactured by China.
According to Brady Wang, associate director at Counterpoint Research, in the AI GPU market segment, American companies such as Nvidia and Intel are estimated to have a technological lead of about three to five years over Chinese competitors.
“We believe China can still build up its local GPU supply chain for specific market segments, but the amount will be limited, and the cost will be much higher,” he added.
